Costcos Functions of Leadership Free Essay Example, 2000 words

The functions of leadership can be considered as the prime and foremost aspect that depicts organizational performances, capabilities as well as credibility within the business environment. The leadership functions also enable the organizations to adequately perform various important tasks in order to accomplish their respective business goals. The business leaders of any organization play a decisive part in adopting valuable decisions in various circumstances and formulating effective plans in order to accomplish organizational objectives. With this concern, it can be stated that the managers or leaders need to perform superior roles other than planning or organizing. The leader further needs to incorporate the skills of motivating, communicating, encouraging and guiding the subordinates to effectively comply with the organizational targets. The functions of a manager or a leader further encompass various activities such as conflict handling, problem-solving as well as providing ad equate support to effectively accomplish the organizational objectives (Lewis, Goodman, Fandt Michlitsch, 2007). In relation to the leading functions that are performed in Costco, it has been observed that the managers of the organization possess effective leadership skills that ultimately enhance its operational effectiveness at large. We will write a custom essay sample on Costco's Functions of Leadership or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The managers of the organization are likely to make appropriate decisions concerning any issue that can hinder the performance of the organization. The leaders of the organization are highly dedicated to performing multiple roles that enable them to achieve desired business targets in the highly competitive retail industry. The leaders of the organization are also likely to perform various other functions such as workforce planning, training, and development, recruitment and selection, remuneration as well as performance appraisal of the workers. With this regard, it can be stated that the leaders of Costco are further observing to be the major group of individuals in terms of playing effective decisional as well as informational roles.

14th Amendment Of Equal Protection The 14th Amendment Of...

Freedom and civil rights have always been a thorn in America history for a long time ago. Racial unfairness and humanity deprivation was what most colored American people suffered most back in the day. Although the government aimed and worked for equality among every citizen, there is no point to deny that it has failed countless time in the past. However, just because the government failed to acknowledge the rights of colored citizens doesn’t mean that it can stay that way forever and that exactly what the Supreme Court did in the case of Loving V Virginia. The case is about a couple living in Virginia, Mildred Loving, a black woman and Richard Loving, a white man. Mildred got pregnant when 18 years old in Washington D.C. hence avoided†¦show more content†¦Supreme Court attention. The act of limiting marriage, a beautiful and divine event that may happen only once in a lifetime by the government is totally wrong. Base on the 14th Amendment that I mentioned before, citizens cannot be limited by law to choose whether or not should they marry the person they love, it is immoral and ultimately unconstitutional. First, they were sentenced to jail because they violated the Racial Integrity Act of 1958 of Virginia which only allow same race marriage, then they were banished from Virginia for 25 years unless they want to stay in jail. I say that Virginia has gone too far in this case, not only they violated the Equal Protection with that Racial Integrity Act, they also stepped over due process of law. The counter-argument gave by Justice Harry L. Carrico: â€Å"argued that the Lovings case was not a violation of the Equal Protection Clause because both the white and the non-white spouse were punished equally for the crime of miscegenation† was lacked of insight and proper thoughts, it’s not about both getting the same sentence because they violated the inter-racial marriage law, it’s about why we even have that law in the first place. Just like what Chief Justice Earl Warren said:† the freedom to marry, or not marry, a person of another race resides with the individual, and cannot be infringed by the State.†, God has created us with a hope that we can love and treasure all of his creation,Show MoreRelated 14th Amendment -EQUAL PROTECTION UNDER THE LAW Essay939 Words   |  4 Pages EQUAL PROTECTION UNDER THE LAW In school especially, as well as throughout our daily lives, we learn in America to live by the idea of freedom and equality for all. We do not allow race, class, or creed to determine a person’s stature in the community. It may seem as if this is the standard of society, but these ideas of equality have been fought over since the beginning of written history, and even in America today, prejudice still exists. To address these and similar problems, the founding fathersRead MoreWhy Did The 14th Amendment Guarantees Equal Protection Under The Law?1092 Words   |  5 Pagessame-sex partners are deceased† and the couples argued that the â€Å"state officials violated [their] 14th amendment by denying them the right to marry or to have marriages lawfully performed in another state given full recognition and also violated their equal protection Clause. The supreme court ruled for this case because in the 14th Amendment it clearly declares that all people should have â€Å" equal protection under the law†, regardless of race or ethnicity. The supreme court also appealed the Sixth CircuitRead MoreCivil Liberties And Civil Rights1318 Words   |  6 Pagescitizens of the United States can be characterized by the concept of civil rights and civil liberties, the idea that the constitution protects the major rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights, marginalized groups, the second amendment, and the civil rights act of 1875. The protection civil liberties and civil rights provided for the people is one of the most fundamental political values in society. Civil rights and civil liberties both have been possible because of the voice of the people as well asRead MoreLegal Liberalism Calls For Equality1680 Words   |  7 Pagesincorporate. However, despite the protections in our constitution, there are instances in American history where the Supreme Court has endorsed other branches to violate or limit its citizens’ economic freedom. In this essay I will cite court cases and documents that incited conflict, most notably â€Å"substantive due process† and â€Å"liberty of contract.† In light of these cases it prompted a massive transformation in constitutional jurisprudence such as Equal protections clause, right to privacy, and criminalRead MoreThe Equal Protection Clause783 Words   |  4 Pageseye with a person who had a different skin color. But overtime we have evolved from racism and focused on fairness. The interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment has contributed to racial equality by the Equal Protection clause. The clause was a deciding factor in cases that involved racism. Though it sometimes limited rights, the Equal Protection clause eventually became a key element to justice. Lum vs. Rice (1927) was a Supreme Court case where the Mississippi education board did not allow aRead MoreLegalization Of Same Sex Marriage1256 Words   |  6 Pagesare deceased† in this case the couples argued that the â€Å"state officials violated [their] 14th amendment by denying them the right to marry or to have marriages lawfully performed in another state given full recognition and also violated their equal protection Clause.† The supreme court ruled in favor for this case because in the 14th Amendment it clearly declares that all people should have â€Å"equal protection under the law†, regardless of race, ethnicity, or sexuality.(source 2, pg.1) The supremeRead MoreThe Issue Of Interracial Marriage1516 Words   |  7 Pagesafforded. One case that went before the Supreme Court in relation to this final element of the first section of this esteemed amendment is Loving v. Virginia (1967), pertaining to the issue of interracial marriage. This case encompassed an interracial couple 17-year-old female, Mildred Jeter, who was black, and her childhood sweetheart, 23-year-old, white, Richard Loving, and their fight Virginia s miscegenation laws banning marriage between blacks and whites. After lawfully marrying in WashingtonRead MoreThe Amendment Of The 14th Amendment974 Words   |  4 PagesPaper #1 Essay Question #2 Imagine living in a world where everyone was considered equal. Imagine living in a world where people were considerate of others. Imagine living in a world where everyone had the same rights and privileges. The Framers took a step at achieving this world with the passage of the 14th amendment. The intent of the 14th amendment was to prevent state governments from denying African Americans in the U.S. from their citizenship. At the time Africans were unable to attain citizenshipRead MorePlessy V. Ferguson984 Words   |  4 PagesWhat law is the court applying? 4. What is the court’s decision, analysis, and rationale? For this week, you need to find a case that deals with Due Process, the Equal Protection Clause or Delegation. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) What are the important and relevant faces of the case? The Case is based upon The Equal Protection Clause, in which, this case occurred one hundred and nineteen years ago, but it was very interesting as to see what has changed during the century. In 1890, LouisianaRead MoreCitizenship Of The United States1286 Words   |  6 PagesOver a century ago, the 14th Amendment of the United States Constitution was implemented to grant citizenship to individuals born within the country. This was the first time that it was defined what it means to be a citizen in the U.S. While the amendment was created to address the citizenship of slaves, it is currently under speculation in regards to granting U.S. citizenship to children born to undocumented immigrants (Gans, 2012). While there have been many arguments to place restrictions or eradicate

Bioplastics free essay sample

Nondisposable applications include mobile phone casings, carpet fibres, and car interiors, fuel line and plastic pipe applications, and new electro active bioplastics are being developed that can be used to carry electrical current. In these areas, the goal is not biodegradability, but to create items from sustainable resources. Medical implants made of PLA, which dissolve in the body, save patients a second operation. Compostable mulch films for agriculture, already often produced from starch polymers, do not have to be collected after use and can be left on the fields. Starch-based plastics: Constituting about 50 percent of the bioplastics market, thermoplastic starch, currently represents the most widely used bioplastic. Pure starch possesses the characteristic of being able to absorb humidity, and is thus being used for the production of drug capsules in the pharmaceutical sector. Flexibiliser and plasticiser such as sorbitol and glycerine are added so the starch can also be processed thermo-plastically. By varying the amounts of these additives, the characteristic of the material can be tailored to specific needs. Simple starch plastic can be made at home. Industrially, starch based bioplastics are often blended with biodegradable polyesters. These blends are no longer biodegradables, but display a lower carbon footprint compared to the corresponding petroleum based plastics. Cellulose-based plastics: Cellulose bioplastics are mainly the cellulose esters, (including cellulose acetate and nitrocellulose) and their derivatives, including celluloid. Polylactic acid (PLA) plastics: Polylactic acid (PLA) is a transparent plastic produced from cane sugar or glucose. It not only resembles conventional petrochemical mass plastics (like PE or PP) in its characteristics, but it can also be processed easily, albeit more expensively, on standard equipment that already exists for the production of conventional plastics. PLA and PLA blends generally come in the form of granulates with various properties, and are used in the plastic processing industry for the production of foil, moulds, cups and bottles. Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB): The biopolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is polyester produced by certain bacteria processing glucose, corn starch or wastewater. Its characteristics are similar to those of the petroplastic polypropylene. PHB is distinguished primarily by its physical characteristics. It produces transparent film at a melting point higher than 130 degrees Celsius, and is biodegradable without residue. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA): Polyhydroxyalkanoates are linear polyesters produced in nature by bacterial fermentation of sugar or lipids. They are produced by the bacteria to store carbon and energy. In industrial production, the polyester is extracted and purified from the bacteria by optimizing the conditions for the fermentation of sugar. More than 150 different monomers can be combined within this family to give materials with extremely different properties. PHA is more ductile and less elastic than other plastics, and it is also biodegradable. These plastics are being widely used in the medical industry. Polyamide 11 (PA 11): PA 11 is a biopolymer derived from natural oil. PA 11 belongs to the technical polymers family and is not biodegradable. The emissions of greenhouse gases and consumption of nonrenewable resources are reduced during its production. Its thermal resistance is also superior to that of PA 12. It is used in high-performance applications like automotive fuel lines, pneumatic airbrake tubing, electrical cable antitermite sheathing, flexible oil and gas pipes, control fluid umbilicals, sports shoes, electronic device components, and catheters. IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT Sustainability: Sustainability is improving the quality of human life while living within the carrying capacity of supporting eco-systems. The production and use of bioplastics is generally regarded as a more sustainable activity when compared with plastic production from petroleum (petroplastic), because it relies less on fossil fuel as a carbon source and also introduces fewer, net-new greenhouse emissions if it biodegrades. They significantly reduce hazardous waste caused by oil-derived plastics, which remain solid for hundreds of years, and open a new era in packing technology and industry. Biodegradable: All (bio- and petroleum-based) plastics are technically biodegradable, meaning they can be degraded by microbes under suitable conditions. However many degrade at such slow rates as to be considered non-biodegradable. Some petrochemical-based plastics are considered biodegradable, and may be used as an additive to improve the performance of many commercial bioplastics. The degree of biodegradation varies with temperature, polymer stability, and available oxygen content. Consequently, most bioplastics will only degrade in the tightly controlled conditions of industrial composting units. In compost piles or simply in the soil/water, most bioplastics will not degrade, starch-based bioplastics will, however. A distinction must be made for the term compostable. While biodegradable simply means that an object will biologically disintegrate, compostable specifically demands that the end product has to be humus. So, while a plastic may biodegrade in a compost site this does not mean that it will compost in a compost site. These plant materials come from agricultural nonfood crops. Therefore, the use of biopolymers would create a sustainable industry. In contrast, the feedstocks for polymers derived from petrochemicals will eventually deplete. In addition, biopolymers have the potential to cut carbon emissions and reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) quantities in the atmosphere: this is because the CO2 released when they degrade can be reabsorbed by crops grown to replace them: this makes them close to carbon neutral. Home composting may not be an option. Some bioplastics cannot be broken down by the bacteria in our backyards. Polyethylene (PE) made from cane sugar is one example of this. Only bioplastics that are fully biodegradable will break down in a home compost pile, and it could still take up to two years for certain items. The rest require the high heat and humidity of an industrial composting facility. Plants grown for bioplastics have negative impacts of their own. Bioplastics are often produced from genetically modified food crops such as corn, potatoes, and soybeans, a practice that carries a high risk of contaminating our food supply. Also, corn and soybean producers typically apply large amounts of chemical pesticides and fertilizers that pollute our air and water. To compound matters, the growth of the bioplastics and biofuels industries (both of which currently rely on food crops as their raw material) increases the demand for crops, puts pressure on food prices, and increases the impact of agriculture worldwide.

Briefing paper on rural housing free essay sample

Britain has experienced a series of affordable housing crisis in the early 1980s and early 1990s (Bramley, 1994). As Andrew Stonell (2010) stated â€Å"Localism works-all over the country there are villages very keen to have low-cost housing for local people and they are prevented by the planning system from having it.† This briefing paper refutes Stonell’s claim and is written to the North Eastern Farming and Rural Advisory Network, which is one of new Rural and Farming Networks. The purpose of this paper is indicating the scale and causes of the rural housing crisis, and demonstrating how the planning system enable the process of affordable rural housing, then some recommendations on solve the delivery problems in rural areas. Background According to Milbourne (2006), rural housing associates complex economic with socio-cultural processes in countryside areas. Housing in Britain is distributed through the market mechanism, the Labour Administration launched â€Å"communities plan† in 2003, focusing on ‘stable housing markets’ to create encompassing, vibrant and sustainable communities (Gallent et al . We will write a custom essay sample on Briefing paper on rural housing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page , 2008). However, the housing price has been increasing over the years, the stock growing 185,000 per annum. Planning Policy Statement 3 (DCLG, 2006) provide information about the scale of housing crisis. Few areas had high house cost in the early decade, such as London and the South East, but currently there are lots of areas are facing high housing price problem. First time buyers find it quite difficult to buy a house in the market, and this circumstance occurs in most rural areas and smaller settlements. Moreover, the Countryside Agency (2003) reported that almost half of the rural people would have to undertake over 50% of their income in order to afford a home with a mean cost in their district. An estimation has been made by Countryside Agency, in the prospective 10 years period, a demand of 1000 new units of rural affordable housing are need (Countryside Agency, 2003). The  particular causes of rural housing crisis mainly include the following issues: Changes in demography: from 1981 to 2000, rural districts increased by 11.65%, while urban areas had a growth of 4.2%. Unequal income distribution among rural people.  Lack of housing supply and tenure accompanying increasing housing need Financial deregulation.  Uneven and inadequate forms of access to rural housing .  A failure of land-use planning: policy priority on landscape preservation Urban people settle down in rural areas: improvements in transport have made it easier for urban people’s commuting and retirement to the countryside â€Å"Right to buy† has decreased the number of affordable rented housing for low-income people by local councils. During 1985 to 1990, 91.000 houses were sold in rural areas. Analysis of how the planning system affect affordable housing delivery In the past 10 years plenty of new policies and legislations have been implemented to concentrate on the role of local government, and the manipulation of planning system, focusing on housing quality and the delivery of affordable rural housing (Gallent et al., 2008). Affordability connects the price of housing with the cost that households afford to pay. Housing affordability refers to a ratio of average housing cost and mean income per month (Gallent et al., 2008). Low housing affordability is might caused by the priority of planning system, which works against the market demands. It tends to preserve rural landscape rather than deliver land for housing, but the planning system has been changing with the demands of rural people. It can be seen from figure 1, low affordable housing is a common phenomenon in urban and rural areas. During 2006 to 2007, the ratio of housing prices to income reaches to the peak. Since then, the housing affordability has become higher from 2008. Housing planning system played a positive role in delivering affordable rural housing (DEFRA, 2012). Figure Currently, Planning Policy Statement on June 2011 made plenty of improvements to provide affordable housing. Instead of â€Å"Right to buy† regulation,  affordable rented housing will be provided to tenants with a maximum of 80% of the total market rent, and available on both fixed term and regular lease (PPS3, 2011). Affordable rent houses will be let by registered providers and the increase of low cost rent houses would provide decent homes to low-income residents and rural people from other villages. To meet the demand of sustainable development in rural areas, PPS7 required government should follow the planning objectives and regulations set out in PPG3, and the purpose is to provide rural people a decent home. It also indicated that housing requirements and assessment of local affordable housing need should be recognized by local planning authorities. Make sufficient land available and strictly control new house building will promote the construction of low cost houses and make good use of the land. Milbourne (2008) also highlighted that tracing the cooperation with new partnership will lead a wider series of agencies to afford suitable housing in the countryside. PPS3 (2006) indicated that local authorities are not supposed to formulate affordable housing providers in planning conditions and obligations, a discussion will be needed on how to provide affordable housing and long term arrangement. This planning system will control the housing prices and conditions, in order to prevent the malpractice in housing delivery. Case studies In this section, various case studies are used to demonstrate how planning system enable delivery process. In order to underpin the delivery of Community Led Affordable Housing, some criteria were set out in the Local Development Framework, supported by local communities. One piece of criteria is good design, affordable rural housing must be designed to fit local context (Taylor, 2008). Village design statements implemented by the local community are adopted by local councils as Supplementary Planning Guidance to fit into the local landscape. One exemplify of good design enabling housing delivery is Kettlewell. In 2000, four affordable houses were built in Kettlewell, a sensitive site in the Yorkshire Dales National Park. They were constructed by special materials using a mixture of traditional and modern techniques. The match to landscape and appropriate prices attracted local residents. Home Housing Group owns these five affordable houses. The whole cost were about  £380,000 and local Kettle residents have priority of  these homes (Countryside Agency, 2003). The local government in Lake District has realized, the affordable housing shortage is a national problem, and the demand of housing is much more serious in the Lake District National Park. To find out the needs of local residents and viable land to develop, a survey called Windermere Housing Needs were conducted on parishes. And consulting work to housing control staffs were carried out. In accordance with PPS3 (2011), local government formulated strict Core Strategy and Supplementary Planning Document (SPD) on Housing Provision. According to the amended version of SPD on Housing Provision (2011), local government aims to facilitate 900 housing delivery from 2010 to 2025. Furthermore, the Lake District will only allow new houses that commit them to meet the identified local demand or community affordability. The priority is to promote the local affordable housing delivery and Policy CS18 clarifies how to give this priority through the National Park. Conclusion and recommendations Overall, the housing crisis is a national issue, especially severe in rural areas. Demographic changes, lack of housing supply, policy priority, and other significant factors would lead to rural housing problem. Despite there are some defects exist in the affordable housing delivery process, the housing planning system enable the affordable housing provision. Local Development Frameworks including PPS3 and PPS7 formulate efficient planning policy on providing affordable housing, such as rented houses, making sufficient land available and controlling the power of local authorities. Some examples on Kettlewell and Lake District were used to demonstrate how planning policies encourage the affordable housing delivery process. To enable more affordable housing in rural areas, some suggestions will be discussed. Firstly, landowners should takes the lead on affordable housing scheme, the property size and prices should follow the policy provision, and the housing market should be controlled by local government. Secondly, local authorities should cooperate with other landowners, providing more lands for housing. The ownership of land can be shared and a joint-stock system can be built, thus the shortage of housing supply will be solved without losing landowners’ benefit. Thirdly, empty property such as living places above shops can be converted to provide housing for local people. The government  should concentrate on the landuse and avoid emerging brownfield. If more low cost housing was provided, the affordable housing crisis will be relieved and rural residents could own decent homes.

Hydrolysis of Starch Essays

Hydrolysis of Starch Essays Hydrolysis of Starch Essay Hydrolysis of Starch Essay Hypothesis: Temperature change (positive) will almost certainly have the effect of catalysing the starch which is being catalysed by the amylase solution, meaning it will speed up the entire reaction which is already being catalysed. Enzyme activity will be profusely affected whatever the temperature change is. Science Reasoning For Hypothesis: Proteins have biological catalysts (a substance which speeds up the reaction without becoming part of the product). They are called enzymes which when binding to the reactants of the reaction theyre catalysing, cause the amount of activation energy to decrease, causing the reactions speed to increase. A large activation energy amounts to a slower reaction because the substrate needs to surpass the initial activation energy, so a lower one will result in a faster reaction. An enzyme and a product are left at the end of a chemical reaction with a substrate and reactant. Interactions between enzymes and substrates are noticeably weak, so a large surface area is usually required, this is to increase the chances of reactions. Metabolic reactions are also catalysed by enzymes such as respiration and digestion (of foods) theyre also receptors and membrane pumps amongst many other proteins (every single metabolic reaction). Amylase is a globular protein as all enzymes are, the active site being where the reaction takes place. The reaction rate will almost always increase at optimum temperature but only up to the optimum temperature, which is in exact proportion to the temperature rise. This is because both the substrate and enzyme molecules in any particular reaction have more kinetic energy, therefore the particles have a higher chance of actually colliding with one another (so reaction speed increases). The Substrate molecule is held in position by amino acids which occupy the a certain space in the active site this occurs whilst the reaction is in progress. Any other molecules simply wont fit into the active site the enzymes specific purpose is for one sole reaction molecules of a different shape simply wont connect to the active site. The enzyme will then speed up the reaction on its surface, the product is then released. All chemical changes cause a product to be formed from a substrate. In humans [most] the enzymes will be at the optimal temperature when the bodys heat is regulated to approximately 40C ( fourty Degrees Celsius ), where the usually temperature is somewhere around 37C. Hydrogen bonds are broken down by thermal energy the secondary structure and tertiary structure of the enzymes are held together by hydrogen bonding, the active site can no longer have a substrate bound to it because of the disfigurement of the active site. This regulation of 37C acts as a kind of safety mechanism because minimal changes above 40c (optimum level) causes denture of the enzymes an irreversible damage ( at high C) which will stop them from working properly, if not then altogether. The optimum pH for enzymes is 7 any change to this and damage can also be done to enzymes, the charge will change so the hydrogen and amino acid bonds will disconnect. Method: Switch on the colorimeter to warm up, secondly to carry out serial dilutions to make starch solution with a range of concentrations: Ill take 12 boiling tubes, and in one tube measure 10cm3 of 0.5% starch solution, in test tube two 10 centimetres of the 0.5% starch solution and add 10cm3 water and mix. In tube 3 measure 10cm3 solution from tube 2 and mix with cm3 of water, in tube 4 measure 10cm3 of solution from tube 3 and mix with 10cm3 of water and so one. With tube 12 Ill discard 10cm3 of water, I should then have 10cm3 in each tube. Ill make up twelve colorimeter tubes of dilute iodine. Ill draw up 4cm3 in a 10cm3 to proceed with the enzyme reaction (using a pipette / syringe). One cm3 of amylase will be draw upinto the same syringe plus 2cm3 air, Ill mix by means of inversion and then start my stop clock and put 2 drops of the reaction mixture in the first indention tile. Hopefully the iodine will turn blue. Every 30 seconds this process will be repeated, if my reaction is finished, (after placing starch to the iodine in subsequent solutions in the indentation tile ), the enzyme will be diluted after eight minutes. Three and four (of the above) will be repeated for the other starch solutions, the frequency sample will be increased if the reaction fishes quickly, need to keep reaction mixture throughout. Will plot a graph of substrate concentration against time to complete the overall reaction, and a second graph will be plotted against the rate of reaction. A standard curve needs to be plotted which is a graph of concentration percentage against absorbency, this will be before the experiment has started. Temperature will be the independent variable in my experiment, five of the temperatures will test the effectiveness of the reaction. One of the fixed variables will be reaction volume. The dependant variable are the substrates and enzyme concentrations. A list of these will be made for each experiment. Prediction: I predict that product yield will be highest when the temperature is between 37 and 40c due to these being the near optimum and optimum temperatures for the enzymes and substrates to react with one other (as explained above). Risk Assessment: Laboratory safety garments, glasses and plastic gloves must be worn at all times during the experiment due to the [very] harmful chemicals involved (such as iodine, an irritant).Any physical damage done to myself or anyone participating in this experiment should be attended to by medical personal The breaking of certain glass objects may occur this should be cleared up with a dust pan and brush or whatever is available for this type of action. Apparatus list: Equipment Ill be using in this experiments as follows: Graduated glass pipette or [secondary choice] syringe possibly: Because in my preliminary experiments the syringes were not accurate enough, which meant it was difficulty to measure the solution properly. Boiling tubes which sufficient enough to carry out experiment properly. Heated water bath: The temperature should stay at a regular level when using the water bath. Thermometers will be put in the boiling tube with the substrates and enzymes. This is a precaution to make sure the water bath is working adequately, the temperature must be regulated. An indention tile to place the starch solution on. A stop-clock will be needed to time the experiment. Colorimeter tubes are tubes that fit inside the colorimeter with some liquid inside them. Colorimeter: A colorimeter measures the light absorbed by a coloured/cloudy solution. This is known as absorbency and is shown in arbitrary units. The colorimeter measures the light that is transmitted through a solution. This is known as transmission and is expressed in a percentage form. A colorimeter works using light rays from a tungsten bulb. A filter is put between the sample and the light source. For this experiment I will be using a red filter, as my solution is blue. This filters out certain colour densities.

Report on the BOOTS and ALLIANCE in talks over 7.5bn merger Essay

Report on the BOOTS and ALLIANCE in talks over 7.5bn merger - Essay Example The other company, which is inching towards the deal, is Alliance UniChem, which has an estimated market worth of nearly 3.2bn. The company conducts extensive wholesale operations all over the UK, Netherlands, Norway & Italy in the field of Drug Trade with the presence of nearly upto 1200 pharmacies throughout these countries. Over the last one year, the de-regulation of the market in the Pharmaceutical Sector has resulted in a stiffer competition in the high street market among retailing companies. Companies and Supermarkets now have the liberty to set up in-store pharmacies, which poses a danger to key pharmaceutical players like BOOTS and Alliance. In an analysis published in biotech-info.net- "Due to the softening of rules and the law, BOOTS is facing stiff competition from other pharmaceutical retailing majors such as TESCO, which enjoyed and continues to enjoy a place of dominance and monopoly in the market". Tougher competition from the supermarkets has forced Mr. Baker of BOOTS to cut the price of his products in an attempt to prop up the so far lukewarm sales, although this has put some further pressure on the profit and operating margins. As such, both the firms have decided that it is time to join hands in order to compete effectively in the market and also to improve upon their current individual deficiencies. The present deal is expected to give the new firm an industry share of nearly upto 20%. But the present deal has been met with a lot of speculation especially from the institutional shareholders who generally regard such nil-premium mergers with skepticism. The companies therefore intend to seek support for the deal by outlining the capacity of the new merged outfit's capacity to generate significant cost and purchasing synergies and boost

Effective Political Campaigning in the United States Research Paper

Effective Political Campaigning in the United States - Research Paper Example In the contemporary politics; political campaigns in high profile societies normally involve candidates seeking positions such as head of government or state (Webb et al., 2002). The following essay will cover the keys essential to effective political campaigning, the role of campaign strategist and budget director in meeting the keys to effective political campaign. The essay will sum up by providing some of the lessons that can be learnt in conducting political campaigns and how they can be applied in improving local campaigns. Keys to effective political campaigning Any effective political campaign must put into force various elements to guarantee victory for the political position. These comprise of a political or campaign message, effective campaign financing and efficient organization of the entire political strategy (Richard & Mair, 2005). The campaign message comprises of the vision the candidate intends to share with the potential voters. This normally contains numerous poin ts of discussion in relation to policy matters. These points are frequently repeated with an aim of creating a lasting intuition among the voters. For instance, In Obama’s campaign the campaign message was â€Å"The Change we can believe in†. Besides, a successful campaign must have effective mobilization and management of campaign finance. Potential donors must be attracted by the political manifesto which will enhance effective political campaign. ... Campaign strategist may also be referred to as a campaign managers, consultants or pollsters (Xap Corporation, 2009). Campaign strategist advice candidates during campaigns and at times may continue working during the politician’s term in office. They judge what the electorate needs from leaders and assess how they may react to new policies. A campaign strategist plays a great role in ensuring that the campaign is adequately funded to ensure that the party meets all the voters’ needs (Phillips, Reynolds and Reynolds, 2010). They organize fund raising events to raise funds needed for the campaign. When organizing for funding raising, campaign strategist help identify the best sources of funds for the campaign and reach out to these groups. To convince different individuals contribute finances for the campaign; strategists design the most appealing approaches and especially when it comes to getting money from the private groups. In fund raising, campaign strategists may d irectly solicit funds, use of the internet or organize events (Xap Corporation, 2009). On the other hand, the budget director also plays a great role in ensuring that the funds available for campaign are effectively allocated to critical different areas that require funding. Moreover, they work hand in hand with the campaign strategist when organizing for fund raising for campaigns. Presence of a budget director in a campaign gives the financers of the campaign that their finances are effectively used in the campaigns. Budget directors also act as accountants during campaigns and are needed in regulation of use of campaign funds by the government and